What is Black History Month?

When Did Black History Month Begin?

Black History Month has its roots in the United States, where Carter G. Woodson, the son of former slaves, established the first Black History Week in 1926. His lifelong mission was to promote the history and contributions of Black people in schools and society. This week was expanded into Black History Month, first celebrated in 1970 at Kent State University. Initially, the observance was primarily held in educational institutions, especially those with significant African American student populations.

In 1976, President Gerald Ford officially recognized the month, encouraging Americans to honour the often-overlooked achievements of Black Americans throughout history.
 

Black History Month in the UK

In the UK, the teaching of Black history has traditionally been limited to a colonial perspective, with Wales being the first home nation to mandate its inclusion in the curriculum. Despite the UK's deep ties to Africa, the Caribbean, and India, many Black stories have been excluded from education. To address this, Black History Month was introduced in 1987, coinciding with the 150th anniversary of the abolition of slavery in the Caribbean. The month aims to acknowledge the contributions of ethnic minority groups to British society and culture throughout history.

While there is ongoing debate about the need for year-round education on Black history, October serves as a crucial time for broader society to recognize these contributions, promote tolerance, and engage with issues of racism and inequality.
 

How Did Black History Month Start in the UK?

The inaugural Black History Month in the UK was organized by Akyaaba Addai-Sebo, a Ghanaian refugee who arrived in the UK in 1984. Inspired by Woodson's efforts, he sought to challenge racism and celebrate Black history. October was chosen partly because it aligns with a time when African leaders convene to discuss important issues, and partly because it marks the start of the school year.
 

Celebrating Black History Month in the UK

Initially, Black History Month emphasized Black American history, but over the years, it has shifted focus to include prominent figures and events from Black British history. Key figures celebrated include:

• Walter Tull: The first Black officer to command white troops in the British Army and an early Black football player.
• Malorie Blackman: Acclaimed author and the first Black Children’s Laureate.
• Shirley J. Thompson: Renowned composer and conductor.
• Lewis Hamilton: The only Black driver in Formula One.

Local communities also celebrate Black History Month through museums, care homes, and workplaces, exploring topics ranging from Britain's colonial past to migration and music. For 2023, the theme focuses on the remarkable achievements of Black women, especially those who have been overlooked. The upcoming theme for 2025 is "Reclaiming Narratives," which includes a national poetry competition open to students at all levels across the UK. Additionally, this year marks 75 years since the arrival of the Windrush generation in the UK.
 

Is Black History Taught in Schools?

For many students in the UK, October may be the only time they learn about Black history. Wales was the first UK nation to introduce mandatory curriculum changes in 2022, including lessons on Black history, racism, and contributions from Black, Asian, and other ethnic minority figures. The UK government acknowledges the importance of Black history, stating that schools have the freedom to teach it within the existing curriculum, starting from primary education.